The V formation adopted by flocks of birds has been finally understood.
Researchers have discovered that the purpose is to save energy. Every bird other than the leader is able to gain lift from the bird in front by remaining close to its wingtip.
Study showed that the birds time their wing beats perfectly to match the good air coming from the bird in front. Additionally, their heart rates went down when flying in a V.
The information was discerned by Royal Veterinary College scientists who attached data loggers onto a flock in migration.
As a bird flaps its wings, air is pushed down. This results in the air flowing faster over the wing than below it, giving lower pressure above the wing and building up pressure below it.
The difference in pressure produces lift while a downward stroke provides thrust.
Birds position themselves in the best spot to make the most of the up-ward moving air created by the bird in front.
Lead researcher Dr Steven Portugal explained: "They're seemingly very aware of where the other birds are in the flock and they put themselves in the best possible position."
"This can give a bit of a free ride for the bird that's following," he noted.
