Lagos Council is to distribute recommendations for actions in case of an earthquake and tsunami. The campaign will advise locals how to act in case of a disaster so as to reduce the risks associated with a severe earthquake.
There is a project afoot called INsPIREd and the council is hosting a second seminar under the EURO-PA Agreement which seeks to outline a strategy to reduce the casualty rate within the population.
Recommendations include how to prepare your property interior for a catastrophe, what to include in a survival kit, and that locals should not abandon their properties are some of the recommendations for areas where there is heightened likelihood of earthquakes, such as in Lagos.
"If a large earthquake occurs in the foreseeable future in the Marquês de Pombal Bank which is 150 to 200 miles from Cape St. Vincent, there will be no time to alert the population," according to the council experts.
Lagos council has been developing studies since 2002, analysing the frequency and intensity of earthquakes known to date, monitoring underground activity with sophisticated equipment, analysing the housing stock in the city and devising a classification of the population.
If Lagos gets hit by an earthquake of between 7 and 10 on the Richter scale, buildings will collapse, people will die and others will be injured with many made homeless. Plans include looking at the damage caused by a tsunami all along the Lagos coastal area as well as in the city.
"We also have to have contingency plans for the beaches. Lagos is a seasonal town, with beaches that are overcrowded in the summer," said Frederico Paula, adding that it is important to involve hoteliers in preparations and in making tourists aware of what to do in case of a catastrophe.
Traditional property in the historical centre and in inland rural areas are more vulnerable to disaster, more recently built reinforced concrete buildings will suffer less damage during an earthquake.
Currently there is no rebuilding fund available and Frederico Paula said that some illegal buildings may suffer badly due to the use of cheap materials.
According to Paula, some preventive measures should be taken at home, including fixing shelves to walls, placing heavy objects downstairs and not having beds near windows.
People also should turn off the water and electricity and have a backpack containing water, some food, warm clothes, flashlight, rope, knife and a battery operated radio which is important as the energy supply will fail and people need to hear information on the radio.
In case of an earthquake, people should not leave their house unless there is severe damage as many injuries happen when people leave their buildings and then are hit by objects or masonry from upper floors.
Some further useful advice
Before an earthquake
Electronics such as computers, televisions and microwave ovens are heavy and expensive to replace. Secure them with flexible nylon straps.
Brace overhead light fixtures and top heavy objects.
Repair defective electrical wiring and leaky gas connections. These are potential fire risks. Get appropriate professional help. Do not work with gas or electrical lines yourself.
Install flexible pipe fittings to avoid gas or water leaks. Flexible fittings are more resistant to breakage.
Secure your water heater, refrigerator, furnace and gas appliances by strapping them to the wall studs and bolting to the floor. If recommended by your gas company, have an automatic gas shut-off valve installed that is triggered by strong vibrations.
Repair any deep cracks in ceilings or foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects.
Get professional help to assess the building’s structure and then take steps to install nonstructural solutions, including foundation bolts, bracing cripple walls, reinforcing chimneys, or installing an earthquake-resistant bracing system for a mobile home. Examples of structures that may be more vulnerable in an earthquake are those not anchored to their foundations or having weak crawl space walls, unbraced pier-and-post foundations, or unreinforced masonry walls or foundations.
Visit www.fema.gov/earthquake-safety-home for guidance on nonstructural ways to reduce damage and earthquake resistant structural design or retrofit.
Store weed killers, pesticides, and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with latches and on bottom shelves.
Locate safe spots in each room under a sturdy table or against an inside wall.
Reinforce this information by moving to these places during each drill.
Hold earthquake drills with your family members: Drop, cover and hold on.
During an Earthquake
Drop, cover and Hold On. Minimize your movements to a few steps to a nearby safe place and if you are indoors, stay there until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe.
If Indoors
DROP to your hands and knees.
COVER your head and neck with your arms. This position protects you from falling and provides some protection for vital organs. Because moving can put you in danger from the debris in your path, only move if you need to get away from the danger of falling objects. If you can move safely, crawl for additional cover under a sturdy desk or table. If there is low furniture, or an interior wall or corner nearby and the path is clear, these may also provide some additional cover. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture.
HOLD ON to any sturdy shelter until the shaking stops.
Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture.
If you are in bed: STAY there and COVER your head and neck with a pillow. At night, hazards and debris are difficult to see and avoid; attempts to move in the dark result in more injuries than remaining in bed.
DO NOT get in a doorway as this does not provide protection from falling or flying objects and you likely will not be able to remain standing.
Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Do not exit a building during the shaking. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.
DO NOT use the elevators.
Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.
If Outdoors
If you can, move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires.
Once in the open, Drop, Cover, and Hold On. STAY THERE until the shaking stops.
This might not be possible in a city, so you may need to duck inside a building to avoid falling debris.
If in a Moving Vehicle
Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle. Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires.
Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped. Avoid roads, bridges, or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake.
After an Earthquake
If Trapped Under Debris
Do not light a match.
Do not move about or kick up dust.
Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.
Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you. Use a whistle if one is available.
Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
When the Shaking Stops
When the shaking stops, look around to make sure it is safe to move and there is a safe way out through the debris. Then exit the building.
Expect aftershocks. These secondary shockwaves are usually less violent than the main quake but can be strong enough to do additional damage to weakened structures and can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or even months after the quake. Drop,
Cover, and Hold On whenever you feel shaking.
Check for injuries and provide assistance if you have training. Assist with rescues if you can do this safely.
Look for and extinguish small fires. Fire is the most common hazard after an earthquake. Never use a lighter or matches near damaged areas.
Listen to a battery-operated radio or television for the latest emergency information.
If you are near the coast, learn the tsunami risk for your area. If you are in an area that may experience tsunamis, when the shaking stops, walk inland or to higher ground immediately. Monitor official reports for more information on the area’s tsunami evacuation plans.
Use the telephone only for emergency calls.
Go to a designated public shelter if your home had been damaged and is no longer safe.
Stay away from damaged areas. Stay away unless your assistance has been specifically requested by police, fire, or relief organizations. Return home only when authorities say it is safe.
Be careful when driving after an earthquake and anticipate traffic light outages.
After it is determined that its’ safe to return, your safety should be your primary priority as you begin clean up and recovery.
Open cabinets cautiously. Beware of objects that can fall off shelves.
Find out how to keep food safe during and after and emergency by visiting: http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/emergency/index.html
Put on long pants, a long-sleeved shirt, sturdy shoes and work gloves to protect against injury from broken objects.
Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, gasoline or other flammable liquids immediately. Leave the area if you smell gas or fumes from other chemicals.
Inspect the entire length of chimneys for damage. Unnoticed damage could lead to a fire.
Inspect utilities.
Check for gas leaks. If you smell gas or hear blowing or hissing noise, open a window and quickly leave the building. Turn off the gas at the outside main valve if you can and call the gas company from a neighbor's home. If you turn off the gas for any reason, it must be turned back on by a professional.
Look for electrical system damage. If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell hot insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. If you have to step in water to get to the fuse box or circuit breaker, call an electrician first for advice.
Check for sewage and water lines damage. If you suspect sewage lines are damaged, avoid using the toilets and call a plumber. If water pipes are damaged, contact the water company and avoid using water from the tap. You can obtain safe water by melting ice cubes.
